Models of the Post-Keynesian Growth Theory (Harrod/Domar Model and Two-Gaps Model) and the neoclassical growth model are discussed in detail. In particular, the determinants “savings” and “population growth” are critically assessed as well as the interdependency of growth and capital imports and foreign trade, respectively. Another focus is set on the analysis of “technological progress” as growth determinant. Subsequent to the theoretical models, problem oriented topics are covered, concentrating on development financing, trade, financial crisis, human capital accumulation, HIV/AIDS and technological progress in developing countries.